Mid-IR solid-state lasers based on Cr^2+ and Fe^2+ ions
##Laser Physics	2. Milestones in the Development of Cr^2+ doped II-VI Lasers
	Cr^2+ Lasers	Year
	First Lasing	1996
	First diode-pumped laser	1997
	First CW laser	1999
	First mode-locked laser	2000
	First Kerr mode-locked laser	2009
	Gain Element	Tunability
	Cr:ZnS	1.84-3.06 mm
	Cr:ZnSe	1.88-3.35 mm
	Cr:CdSe	2.26-3.61 mm
	Max Output Parameters	Power/Energy
	CW power	140W
	Energy (Free running, in ms pulses)	1.1 J
	Energy (Gain-Switched, in ns pulses )	52mJ
	Mode-Locked Lasing	Parameters
	Oscillator:
	Average power	1-2 W
	Repetition rate	70MHz-1GHz
	Shortest Pulse Duration (Cr:ZnS/Cr:ZnSe)	15 fs/36 fs
	Chirped Pulse Amplifier:
	Max Peak Power/ Pulse Duration/Energy	115GW/39fs/6.2 mJ
Links	ü Historic Background in the Development of Cr^2+ and Fe^2+-doped II-VI Laser ü Notes		ü
References	The references for the above output characteristics could be found in the following reviews: Ø L. D. DeLoach, R. H. Page, G. D. Wilke, S. A. Payne, and W. F. Krupke, “Transition metal-doped zinc chalcogenides: spectroscopy and laser demonstration of a new class of gain media,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 32, 885–895 (1996) Ø Stefan Kuck, “Spectroscopy and laser characteristics of Cr -doped chalcogenide crystals — overview and recent resultsJournal of Alloys and Compounds 341 (2002) 28–33 Ø Timothy J. Carrig, “Transition-Metal-Doped Chalcogenide Lasers” Journal of ELECTRONIC MATERIALS, Vol. 31, No. 7, 2002 Ø A.G. Bluiett , U. Hömmerich, R.T. Shah, S.B. Trivedi, S.W. Kutcher, and C.C.Wang, “Observation of Lasing from Cr^2+:CdTe and Compositional Effects in Cr^2+-Doped II-VI Semiconductors” Journal of ELECTRONIC MATERIALS, Vol. 31, No. 7, 2002 Ø Irina T. Sorokina, “Cr^2+-doped II–VI materials for lasers and nonlinear optics”, Optical Materials 26 (2004) 395–412 Ø S. Mirov, V. Fedorov, I. Moskalev, D. Martyshkin, "Recent progress in transition metal doped II-VI mid-IR lasers" IEEE Selected Topics in of Quantum Electronics (Invited paper), vol 13, pp810-822 (2007) Ø V. I. Kozlovsky, V. A. Akimov, M. P. Frolov, Yu. V., Korostelin, A. I. Landman, V. P. Martovitsky, V. V. Mislavskii, Yu. P. Podmar’kov, Ya. K. Skasyrsky, and A. A. Voronov, “Room-temperature tunable midinfrared lasers on transition-metal doped II–VI compound crystals grown from vapor phase”, Phys. Status Solidi B 247, No. 6, 1553–1556 (2010) / DOI 10.1002/pssb.200983165 Ø Sergey Mirov, Vladimir Fedorov, Igor S. Moskalev, Dmitri Martyshkin, and Changsu Kim, “Progress in Cr2+ and Fe2+ doped mid-IR laser materials” Laser & Photon. Rev. 4, No. 1, 21–41 (2010) Ø S. B. Mirov, V. V. Fedorov, D. V. Martyshkin, I. S. Moskalev, M. S. Mirov, and V. P. Gapontsev, "Progress in mid-IR Cr2+ and Fe2+ doped II-VI materials and lasers [Invited]," Opt. Mater. Express 1, 898-910 (2011) Ø S. Mirov, V. Fedorov, D. Martyshkin, I. Moskalev, M. Mirov, S. Vasilyev, “Progress in Mid-IR Lasers Based on Cr and Fe Doped II-VI Chalcogenides”, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics In Quantum Electronics, vol. 21, No 1, Article#: 1601719, pp1-19, (2015). Ø Sergey Mirov, Igor Moskalev, Sergey Vasilyev, Viktor Smolski, Vladimir Fedorov, Dmitry Martyshkin, Jeremy Peppers, Mike Mirov, Alex Dergachev, and Valentin Gapontsev, "Frontiers of mid-IR lasers based on transition metal doped chalcogenides," in IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 24(5) 1601829, 29pp (2018). Ø Zenghu Chang, Li Fang, Vladimir Fedorov, Chase Geiger, Shambhu Ghimire, Christian Heide, Nobuhisa Ishii, Jiro Itatani, Chandrashekhar Joshi, Yuki Kobayashi, Prabhat Kumar, Alphonse Marra, Sergey Mirov, Irina Petrushina, Mikhail Polyanskiy, David A. Reis, Sergei Tochitsky, Sergey Vasilyev, Lifeng Wang, Yi Wu, and Fangjie Zhou, “Intense infrared lasers for strong-field science”, Advances in Optics and Photonics Vol. 14, Issue 4, pp. 652-782 (2022), https://doi.org/10.1364/AOP.45479